# Tirzepatide References: Full Citation List

> Full citation list for all Tirzepatide research summaries on this site — PubMed links, DOIs, and published trial data from the SURPASS and SURMOUNT programmes.

## All Tirzepatide citations used on this site

Every quantitative claim on this site cites one of the following peer-reviewed publications. DOIs and PubMed links are provided for each.

## References

[1] Coskun T, et al. LY3298176, a novel dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: From discovery to clinical proof of concept. Mol Metab. 2018. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30473097/
[2] Willard FS, et al. Tirzepatide is an imbalanced and biased dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist. JCI Insight. 2020. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32730231/
[3] Frias JP, et al. Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2021. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34170647/
[4] Jastreboff AM, et al. Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2022. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35658024/
[5] Aronne LJ, et al. Tirzepatide as Compared with Semaglutide for the Treatment of Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40353578/
[6] Qazi S, et al. Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide Versus Dulaglutide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel). 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41975852/
[7] Farzam K, Patel P. Tirzepatide (StatPearls). StatPearls [Internet], NCBI Bookshelf. 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585056/
[8] Pan XH, et al. Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and other weight loss drugs in overweight and obesity: a network meta-analysis. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38413012/
[9] Kadowaki T, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-weekly tirzepatide in Japanese patients with obesity disease (SURMOUNT-J): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40031941/
[10] Gudzune KA, et al. Association between weight reduction achieved with tirzepatide and quality of life in adults with obesity: Results from the SURMOUNT-1 study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39497468/
[11] Horn DB, et al. Time to weight plateau with tirzepatide treatment in the SURMOUNT-1 and SURMOUNT-4 clinical trials. Clin Obes. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39800653/
[12] Malhotra A, et al. Tirzepatide for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38912654/
[13] Packer M, et al. Tirzepatide for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Obesity. N Engl J Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39555826/
[14] Loomba R, et al. Tirzepatide for Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis with Liver Fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38856224/
[15] Linetzky B, et al. Improvements in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors by Weight Reduction: A Post Hoc Analysis of Adults With Obesity Randomly Assigned to Tirzepatide. Ann Intern Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40550133/
[16] Galindo RJ, et al. Weight Changes With Tirzepatide and Concomitant Weight-Inducing Medications: Post Hoc Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. JAMA Netw Open. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41885866/
[17] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves new medication for chronic weight management. FDA News & Events. 2023. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-medication-chronic-weight-management
[18] Berg S, et al. Discontinuing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and body habitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40186344/
[19] Aronne LJ, et al. Continued Treatment With Tirzepatide for Maintenance of Weight Reduction in Adults With Obesity (SURMOUNT-4). JAMA. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38078870/
[20] Horn DB, et al. Cardiometabolic Parameter Change by Weight Regain on Tirzepatide Withdrawal. JAMA Intern Med. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41284285/
[21] Safwan M, et al. Gastrointestinal safety of semaglutide and tirzepatide vs. placebo in obesity without diabetes: a meta-analysis. Ann Saudi Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40189856/
[22] Mishra R, et al. Tirzepatide-Induced Gastrointestinal Manifestations: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2023. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37908927/
[23] Shen P, et al. Gastrointestinal adverse events associated with tirzepatide: A bibliometric and pharmacovigilance study. PLoS One. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41894422/
[24] Kunutsor SK, et al. Safety and Tolerability of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: A State-of-the-Art Review. Drugs. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41351656/
[25] Zeng Q, et al. Safety issues of tirzepatide (pancreatitis and gallbladder or biliary disease) in type 2 diabetes and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37908750/
[26] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Tirzepatide injection prescribing information (FDA label, type 2 diabetes indication). FDA Drugs@FDA. 2022. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2022/215866s000lbl.pdf
[27] Farzam K, Patel P. Tirzepatide (StatPearls) — regulatory and safety summary. StatPearls [Internet], NCBI Bookshelf. 2024. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585056/
[28] Zhang Z, et al. Tirzepatide safety in type 2 diabetes: a disproportionality analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System. Endocr Connect. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40631601/
[29] Kunutsor SK, et al. Safety and Tolerability of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (thyroid/class warning context). Drugs. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41351656/
[30] Nassar M, et al. Decreased risk of recurrent acute pancreatitis with semaglutide and tirzepatide. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39332263/
[31] Gong J, et al. Risk of biliary diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes or obesity treated with tirzepatide. J Diabetes Investig. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39569606/
[32] Galli M, et al. Cardiovascular Effects and Tolerability of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Network Meta-Analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40892610/
[33] Rasouli N, et al. Tirzepatide for Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Without Obesity: A Pooled SURPASS Analysis. Diabetes Ther. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40016573/
[34] Jalleh RJ, et al. Clinical Consequences of Delayed Gastric Emptying With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists — Perioperative Considerations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39418085/
[35] Urva S, et al. The novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist tirzepatide transiently delays gastric emptying similarly to selective long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2020. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32519795/
[36] Look M, et al. Body composition changes during weight reduction with tirzepatide in type 2 diabetes (DXA substudy). Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39996356/
[37] Batsis JA, et al. Effect of Incretin-Based and Nonpharmacologic Weight Loss on Body Composition: A Systematic Review. Ann Intern Med. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41996180/
[38] Locatelli JC, et al. Incretin-Based Weight Loss Pharmacotherapy: Can Resistance Exercise Optimize Changes in Body Composition? Diabetes Care. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38687506/
[39] Hair Loss Associated With Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists. Cureus. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41111833/
[40] Campbell JE, et al. GIPR/GLP-1R dual agonist therapies for diabetes and weight loss — chemistry, physiology, and clinical applications. Cell Metab. 2023. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37591245/
[41] Yin Y, et al. Tirzepatide monotherapy in Chinese patients with early type 2 diabetes (SURPASS-CN-MONO). Med. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42296968/

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An austere editorial record of what the SURMOUNT and SURPASS trials measured — not a clinic, not a prescription, not a vendor.